Sutherlin FFA

Hosts: Douglas fir and true firs

Infestation Characteristics: Occasionally infest recently planted Douglas fir seedlings that have found to be J-rooted during planting or have very poor shoot-to-root ratios. Trees that are heavily infested have a swollen appearance in the vicinity of larval wounds. Damage to seedlings and young trees usually occur on the main stem.

Control: Clipping and destroying infested branches before June will aid in reducing weevil numbers.

Host:

Tanoaks, black oaks, and costal live oaks in California San francisoco.

What does it cause:

makes the bark bleed, and how you can tell it is diseased you can see the black zone lines.

What does it look like:

red oak borer damage are potentially the most confusing,

Control:

report suspected gypsy moth lifes stages in Oregon Department of Agriculture

Hosts:

Douglas-fir, white fir, grand fir,

subalpine fir, and western larch.

Look for the western spruce budworm between May and June

The western spruce budworm is the most destructive defoliator of conifers in central and northeast Oregon. Major outbreaks can last for more than a decade and impact millions of acres of forests. The five types of tree damage associated with budworm defoliation are growth loss, deformity, reduced seed production, and tree mortality. Host trees that survive major budworm outbreaks in a weakened condition are often killed later by bark beetles.

Hosts:

• Western Hemlock
• White Fir
• Pines
• True Firs

Infestation Characteristics:

What does it cause?

• Growth loss
• Root and butt rot
• Uprooting
• Death

What does it look like?

• Decreased terminal growth
• Needle yellowing
• Pitch soaking of root wood
• Stain or white stringy root rots
• Small black specks

Control:

• Removal and logging of infected trees
• Rotations in Western Hemlocks and True Firs every 40-120 Years
• Use Borax to prevent infection

Silver spotted Tiger Moth
Host-Douglas Fir, True Fir and Spruce

Infestation-Caterpillars cluster inside of dense webs covering one or more branches.

Control-Tachinid flies, or prune off the infested branches

Hosts:

• Douglas Firs
• Ponderosa Pines
• Mountain Hemlock
• Western Hemlock
• Lodgepole Pine
• Sugar pine
• Western White Pine

Infestation Characteristics:

What does it cause?

• Growth reduction
• Foliage Yellowing
• Distressed Cone Crops
• Basal Resinoses
• Rapid Decline
• Death

What does it look like?

• Dark brown to purple black stain
• Root crowns
• Lower stems are diagnostic

Control:

• Remove infected trees and have a 50 ft. buffer
• Trees may be planted one year after infected trees are removed

Hosts:

Ponderosa, Jeffrey, lodgepole, and

knobcone pine.

Look for the western pine shoot borrer betweeen July and February

How to look for a western pine shoot borer:

Western pine shoot borer infestations can usually be diagnosed by examining the morphology of the current terminal. External symptoms of shoot borer infestations include shortened needles at the top of the terminal and reduced elongation of the shoot. The shortened needles give the terminal a clubbed appearance. Because the infested terminal does not fully elongate, lateral shoots are often longer than the infested terminal. A normal (uninfested) terminal shoot is usually 25-40% longer than lateral shoots on the same tree.

Hosts: 

Douglas Fir
What does it Cause:
It tunnels underneath bark and causes foliage to turn red and die
What does it look like?
The Douglas-fir beetle is brown to black in color and
about 3/16-inch long.
Control:
Methylcyclohexenone (MCH), can be applied to down logs or standing green trees to prevent Douglas-fir beetle attacks. When down logs are treated with the repellent, beetles do not breed in the down logs.

1. Host-

· Douglas Fir and

· True Firs

2. Characteristics-

· Caused by environment stress

· Improper planting

3. Damages-

· "Winter" looking damage

· Dead twigs or branches

4. Control-

· Clipping and destroying infested branches

5. Details-

· Very small insect (3mm)

· Dark brown bodies

· White mottling

Hosts:

infested. Hosts in eastern Oregon trees, bitterbrush, ceanothus, and gooseberry.

What Does it Cause:

It eats the leaves but even large out brakes do not cause mortality.

What does it look like:

Mature Caterpillars are 2" long and are hairy, yellowish- brown with blue stripes

Control:

Biological If nothing is done, tent caterpillar populations collapse in 2-3 years from thecombined effects of parasites and disease. In most forest situations control with insecticide is not warranted.

1. Host-

· Douglas Fir

· Mountain Hemlock

· Grand Fir

· Noble

· White Pine

2. Characteristics-

· Infected roots

· Old infected material

3. Damages-

· Growth reduction

· Crown decline

· Uprooting

· Butt decay

· Tree mortality

4. Control-

· Remove trees from area

· Replant other trees

5. Details-

· Brown/ black rot

· Fungus

Flatheaded Fir Borer

Hosts: Douglas-Fir, True Fir, Western Larch, Spruce, Western Hemlock

Infestation Characteristics: It's very hard to detect attacks prior to the yellowing of the tree's crown. It is sometimes possible to identify infested green trees in the fall and winter months from the patches of bark removed from woodpeckers. The only way to confirm an attack is to remove the bark and look for its distinctive gallery pattern caused by them boring.

Flathead Fir Borers commonly attack trees that are pole sized or larger and tend to breed in trees that are felled, weakened by fire, defoliated or other types of disturbed trees.

Adult beetles have a metallic bronze or black body color and sometimes yellow spots are present and vary in size.

Control: Flathead Fir Borers commonly attack damaged Douglas fir trees with more than 50% of the crown or 25% of the cambium damaged by fire. These trees should be removed to prevent a buildup of Borer populations.

Red Turpentine Beetle
Host- Ponderosa, pines, sugar pines, western white pine

Infest-Usually attacks trees suffering from drought. Usually attack the lower trunk. Large reddish white pitch tubes are the first sign of the infestation, and if you peel back the bark you can usually see the beetle, it is the largest beetle in Oregon.

Control-thinning your pine trees, avoid damaging the lower trunk and roots of the tree, and also don't set freshly cut pine next to a standing pine because the scent of freshly cut pine attracts them.